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中國行政評論

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篇名 英國政府強化管制政策執行與順服策略之探討
卷期 23:4
並列篇名 The Study of the Regulatory Enforcement and Compliance Strategy in the British Government
作者 胡至沛
頁次 036-068
關鍵字 管制革新更佳管制強化執行與順服Hampton報告管制強化執行 與處罰法Regulatory ReformBetter RegulationRegulatory Enforcement and ComplianceHampton ReportRegulatory Enforcement and Sanction Act 2008
出刊日期 201712
DOI 10.6635/cpar.2017.23(4).02

中文摘要

管制政策的改革一直是各國政府長期以來所關注的焦點,對於這個改革的過 程,經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)會員國特別稱之為追求更佳管制(better regulation)或管制治理(regulatory governance)。Baldwin 等人(2010)曾指出 這股追求更佳管制的改革運動,當中包含兩大部分:第一、經由理性的決策制定 過程,提升政府的管制政策品質,第二、有別於過去所強調命令與控制(command and control)的方式,更佳管制則是傾向採用更多非正式、低度干預性的管理型 態。 更佳管制所訴求的兩項重要的特性,充分反應在英國財政部於2005年3月 所提出的Hampton改革報告上,本文則是聚焦在英國政府自2005年提出Hampton 報告以來,所發展出的各項強化管制政策執行與順服策略,透過文獻分析方式, 進而分析與歸納於當中五大制度特色,以及財務、非財務與其他等,三種重要強 化順服類型。 最後,本文以食品安全管制政策為例,分析目前英國政府與我國在強化政策 執行的設計與内容的差異,從中可以發現,兩國在推動食品安全皆投入相當多的 資源與心力,但是英國政府實務上的作法,主要還是優先以各種勸導、告知為主, 甚至鼓勵廠商自願配合的程序,固然政策當中亦有嚴格的刑責與罰金規定,卻不 是其最主要優先採取提升順服的策略。

英文摘要

The regulatory reform has been the important issue for governments during the last three decades, and in the process of this reform, OECD countries are particularly called this as pursuing the “better regulation” or “regulatory governance”. Baldwin et al. (2010) have pointed out that this reform movement, which pursues better regulation, consists of two parts: first, through a rational decision-making process to improve the government's regulatory policy quality, and secondly, unlike the command and control approach in the past, better management style is the tendency to use more informal and low intervention strategy. In March 2005, the British Ministry of Treasure published the Hampton reform report which fully response the two important features of the better regulation. This article is focused on the British government how to develop and design the regulatory enforcement and compliance strategy since Hampton report in 2005.Through using the literature analysis, this article analyzed and summarized the five institutional characteristics, and classified the three important enforcement and strategy’s types, such as the financial, non-financial, and alternatives sanction tools. Finally, taking the food safety policy as an example, this article also analyzes the differences between the current design of the British and Taiwan government in enforcing the policy implementation. It shows that both countries devote to put considerable resources and efforts in promoting food safety. However, in practice, the British government mainly gives priority to using various methods of advices or notices, and even encourages voluntary cooperation among manufacturers. Although there are strict criminal liability and penalties in its regulation, it is not the most important strategy to promote policy compliance.

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