運用政府採購之龐大需求潛能已被廣泛認同為可有效引導創新思維與技術的策略工具。 本文以歐盟作為觀測對象，歐盟於「展望2020(Horizon 2020)」計畫中明確將「創新採購」 列為解決研究與創新挑戰的重要途徑，其所推展之創新採購機制範疇主要可區分為「政府採 購創新解決方案」(Public Procurement of Innovation Solutions, PPI)及「商品化前採購」(Pre- Commercial Procurement, PCP)，前者為新版歐盟政府採購指令(Directive 2014/24/EU)中所明文 規範之政府採購程序，用以採購具有創新性、已有初步市場商品化雛形的解決方案，且該解 決方案不涉及研發(R&D)；後者則為協助公部門取得尚不具商品化雛形、必須經研發的技術 性創新解決方案之採購途徑，非屬歐盟政府採購指令規範範圍。相對於PPI程序不涉及R&D過 程，PCP特性則係與大規模商品化階段脫鉤，故PCP與PPI實為前後可互為補充之採購機制， 採購機關可先透過PCP程序由廠商提供「研發服務」，後接續啟動另一PPI程序就前階段研發 成果(可為產品或服務)為大規模商品化採購。此外，「創新夥伴關係」(Innovation Partnership, IP)亦為新版歐盟政府採購指令所新增之創新採購程序，但性質非屬前述PPI範疇，創新夥伴關 係亦可協助採購機關取得需經過研發的技術性創新解決方案，特別的是，可以讓採購機關於同一程序中就廠商的研發成果進行大規模商品化採購。相較於一般招標程序，前揭歐盟創新採購程序之共通特色在於賦予採購者與廠商進行廣泛互動與對話的空間，各該程序機制之特色及共通指引原則應可供我國現行創新採購之推動為借鏡。

Public procurement of sustainable and innovative goods and services is one of the effective strategic tools for stimulating innovation ideas and technology. Under "Horizon 2020" of European Union, "public procurement of innovation" is an essential approach to solve the challenge of research and innovation. In European Union, mechanisms of public procurement of innovation could be mainly divided into "Public Procurement of Innovation Solutions" (PPI) and "Pre- Commercial Procurement" (PCP). PPI are procedures regulated by new procurement directive (Directive 2014/24/EU), which lead to procure innovative solutions that are not yet available on a large-scale commercial basis and thus do not involve R&D. PCP is the procurement of R&D of new innovative solutions before they are commercially available, which isn't regulated by 2014 new directive. Compared to PPI, PCP is unbundling of R&D and production, so PPI and PCP could be supplementary to each other. The contracting authority could procure R&D services and the developed working solution in PCP, and then open a new procedure to procure the developed working solution on a commercial scale in PPI. Furthermore, "Innovation Partnership" (IP) is also a new special procedure regulated by 2014 new directive, which could enable contracting authority to establish a long-term partnership for procure R&D service and subsequent purchase of the developed working solution in the same procedure, and is not classified as PPI. Compared to general procurement procedures, the common feathure of aforementioned procedures is that they allow public procurers to have greater interaction with the market in order to refine requirements. The advantage of such procedures and the common guiding principles could be the reference directions of the promotion of public procurement of innovation in Taiwan.