篇名 | 如何了解法語外語學習者創造過程以發展其創造力並提升學習動機與注意力 |
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卷期 | 18 |
並列篇名 | Understanding the Different Phases of the Creative Process in FFL Learners to Develop Their Creativity and Reinforce Their Motivation and Attention Understanding the Different Phases of the Creative Process in FFL Learners to Develop Their Creativity and Reinforce Their Motivation and Attention |
作者 | 盧安琪 |
頁次 | 001-020 |
關鍵字 | 創造力 、 創造過程 、 教學方法 、 課堂技巧 、 動機 、 creativity 、 creative process 、 pedagogical approach 、 classroom techniques 、 motivation |
出刊日期 | 201712 |
DOI | 10.3966/181147172017120018001 |
為了提升學習者的好奇心,找出解決問題與迷惑、探尋一個思维、創造一個作 品等方式,是法語外語教學中常用的教學技巧。學習過程中,結果往往呈現出學習 者在靈感浮現時,就能突破思维困境,有所領悟,並找到解決的問題方法,而教學 者則負責觀察學習者達成學習目標並確立創造紀錄之結果。雖然這些教學技巧經常 被使用,但大多數執教者並未針對學習創造和創造過程如何發生進行深入探究。 根據神經科學與心理學的說法(Besancon,2013 ; Bryce, 2015 ; Carson, 2015 ; Raichle 2010),一般創造過程可分為五個階段,透過對這五個階段的認知,可使我們 更容易理解學習中創造過程的認知機制與創意技能,並加以應用。本文將先就神經 科學與心理學對於創造力的硏究結果加以闡述,並針對其所認定之創造過程的五個 階段進行分析,結合法語教學範例、教具、網路資訊等面向,探討創造力對教學和 學習品質的影響。藉以提供法語外語教學者一個更瞭解學習者創造過程的模式,這 個模式不但可協助開發學習者的好奇心與想像力,協助他們創作並提升學習動機, 且提供教學者提升教學成效與補充教學上更多的參考。
To seek a solution to a problem or to a riddle, to invent,to find new ideas,to create a piece of work are common practice exercises in the French as a Foreign Language (FFL) classroom which aim at stimulating learners5 curiosity. The expected educational outcome of such practices is achieved when the learner suddenly had an insight about how to find the solution,a moment which is known as the “EurSka” moment. Such an insight is from the teacher viewpoint a pedagogical success and it also ascertains that the learner has been creative. Although these classroom practices are commonly used, most of the teachers do not really ponder on the nature of the creative process among learners and what are the different stages of this process. However, current neurosciences and psychology research has brought forth the knowledge of five phases of the creative process which can help in understanding the cognitive processes involved in creativity and can also serve to elaborate reproducible techniques to elicit creativity in the classroom. After reviewing the literature from psychology and neurosciences research on creativity (Besan9〇n3 2013 ; Bryce, 2015 ; Carson, 2015 ; Raichle 2010), we present these five stages of the creative process. We demonstrate how the creative process can influence the quality of leaming/teaching and we propose examples of both classroom activities and on-line learning tools to serve as instruments of motivation and stimulation. The present article aims at providing to the foreign language teacher a tool to better understand the successive stages of the creative process which will foster the curiosity and imagination of the learners, help them in work output, and reinforce their motivation. In addition, the teacher will also be able to modify his or her pedagogical approach in order to improve classroom teaching effectiveness.