造血幹細胞移植患者由於免疫系統機下容易發生感染，包括侵襲性真菌感染。這些患者面臨很高的發病率和死亡率。由於難以診斷，因此真菌感染容易被延誤治療。本文回顧近期各專業機構的預防指南，以提供臨床工作者可以做更好的臨床決策。

Patients that have received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at increased risk for a myriad of infectious complications including invasive fungal infection (IFI). These patients face high morbidity and mortality due to difficulty in diagnosis, which lead to delayed treatment. Various prophylactic strategies have been proposed in the past. This article reviews evolving guidelines from various professional organizations so as to facilitate optimization of clinical decision. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2018; 29: 38-45)