動靜脈瘻管是血液透析患者接受透析治療的主要血管通路，瘻管阻塞將影響透析治療的進行，引發各種合併症，甚至造成病患的死亡。臨床上導致瘻管功能不良的原因除了血栓、血管狹窄及護理人員欠缺正確的照護知能外，還包括病患自我照顧知識與技巧不足。因此，增加血液透析病患及家屬的瘻管照護知識，是降低血管通路阻塞相當重要的一環。因此本文藉由血管通路的簡介、動靜脈瘻管功能評估、阻塞原因與預防及居家照護方式的說明，期望護理人員能具備正確的照護知能，並能教導病患及家屬動靜脈瘻管居家照護方式，降低瘻管阻塞的發生，延長使用壽命，進而減少醫療支出，提升病患之生活品質。

Arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) is an important vascular access route for patients who need hemodialysis. When AV fistula is blocked, it will affect treatment, cause various complications and even lead to death. Fistula blockages or malfunction is caused not only by thrombosis, vascular stenosis or lack of knowledge about AV fistula care among nurses, but also by patients’ lack of knowledge and skills for AV fistula care at home. Therefore, it is important to improve self-care knowledge of AV fistula for patients and their families in order to reduce the incidence of fistula clogging. This paper is going to introduce vascular access, assessment the function of AV fistula, the associated factors of fistula obstruction, and self-care knowledge and skills. After reading this paper, nurses will acquire correct care knowledge and know-how to teach patients and families about AV fistula care at home. Consequently, it might decrease occurrence of fistula blockage, prolong the life of fistula, reduce medical cost, and improve patient’s quality of life.