李祖白所撰寫的《天學傳概》是引發清初曆獄的重要導火索之一。該書中宣稱中國人始祖是如德亞之苗裔，引起了楊光先的激烈批評。中西關於世界起源的年代學知識，成為反教者與天主教徒辯論的核心。本文對李祖白的生平事蹟、受洗入教時間及其撰寫《天學傳概》的動機進行申述。本文認為李祖白受洗於1622年，1631年前後入曆局，1636年左右由杭州遷籍順天。李祖白並非完全沒有受到儒學薰陶，相反可作為儒家基督徒之一。李祖白撰寫《天學傳概》主要目的是完整介紹天主教歷史，只是沒有顧及到耶儒之差異而成為反教者攻擊之對象。

T. ianxue Chuangai (A Survey on the Spread of the Learning of Heaven) written by Li Zubai (?– 1665) was an important reason for the breaking out of the Calendar Case in early Qing dynasty. What’s said in this book that Chinese ancestors were descendants of ancient Jews caused violently anti-Catholicism activities by Yang Guangxian. The different knowledge on the origins of the world between Sino and West became the core argument of Anti-Catholics and Catholics. This article tries to explore Li Zubai’s life, the time to be baptized and the motivation to compose Tianxue Chugai. It argues that Li was baptized in 1622, and entered the Calendar Bureau around in 1631, and changed his native place from Hangzhou to Beijing nearly in 1636. Li should be viewed as one of the Confucian Christians and had experiences on learning Confucianism and preparing for the imperial examinations. The main contents of this book aim to introduce the whole history of Catholicism and the important doctrine on Christology completely and inerrably. However, he didn’t concern the differences and tension between Christianity and Confucianism. Thus this book and its statements were easily became the targets of the anti-Christianity during early Qing dynasty.