因環境與食品公害事件頻傳，如何有效、妥適的填補人民之健康被害，已成為當前行政法制及人民權利救濟之重要聚焦議題。而如何建構一套遭受環境及食品污染之健康被害補償法制，不僅係落實憲法「社會國原則」之重要手段，亦屬「國家責任法」之重要課題。有鑒於國內仍欠缺相關法制之建構，本文乃試圖從「社會衡平補償」及「肇（原）因者付費」之角度出發，首先討論「社會衡平補償」之倫理基礎及其於行政法上損失補償之定位，其次介紹日本公害健康被害補償法制之建制背景、法制特色、擴展概況及缺憾，接著分析國內建構環境、食品公害健康被害補償制度待克服之問題，最後提出建構國內環境、食品公害健康被害補償法制之立法建議，以期作為將來形塑制度之參考。

Because environmental and food pollution incidents are frequent, how to effectively compensate for the health of the people, has become an important issue in the current administrative legal system and people's rights relief, This is the implementation of the "society principle" of the Constitution. It is also an important issue of the "State Responsibility Law" There is no relevant legal system in the country, this article tries to discuss the issue of "social equity compensation" and "payment of perpetrators". It also introduced Japan's laws on the compensation for public health damages. Analysis of domestic food pollution health damage compensation system, finally put forward legislative proposals.