在所有的健康照顧者，除醫師之外，都以女性居多，在這幾年來雖然女性醫師的比率逐年增加， 但是無論在選擇執業的科別或是場所上，難免受到性別偏見的影響。在女醫師特別在外科的養成過程 中，面臨工時長、男性為主的工作環境、以及缺乏適當的角色楷模，導致學習者較高的心理壓力，都是 醫學教育者必須正視並加以改善的現況，此外，女性在通往領導高層的過程中，仍有無形的玻璃天花板 效應，造成女性流失的管漏現象，仍需要醫界訂定性別友善的教育制度及政策來達到真正性別平等的環 境。

Health care providers are female dominant except medical doctor. In spite of increasing percentage of female physicians, gender prejudice influence their choice of specialty and working facility. Long working-hour, male dominant environment and lack of appropriate role model led female physicians especially in surgery, to experience more stress. Medical educator should face the gender-based discrimination, and try to improve that. Glass ceiling effect interfere women in achieving leadership position. “Leaky pipeline” still persists and women drop out from the career pipeline consistently. Hopefully gender equality education and statement in medical environment have given place to gender discrimination in the future.