近年來，南海諸島主權爭議迭起，引發國際關注。環南海各國汲取歷史證據， 並根據國際法原理，鞏固自身權利，捍衛島嶼主權。時至今日，臺北外交部宣稱 擁有南海諸島主權，從歷史面向考察之，中華民國政府甚早展開捍衛島嶼主權行 動，其中1946年國民政府主席蔣中正下令國軍進駐西南沙群島，為中華民國鞏固 島嶼主權的重要依據。1949年底，中華民國政府撤退臺灣，隔年撤離南海駐防軍 隊，南沙群島呈現權力真空狀態，期間一度遭到菲律賓對南沙群島主權的挑釁， 中華民國總統蔣中正仍誓言鞏固島嶼主權。1956年，克洛瑪事件爆發，菲律賓積 極將勢力範圍推進至南沙群島。蔣中正考量國際形勢，認為菲律賓雖然是亞洲反 共聯盟成員，但為鞏固領土疆域、捍衛島嶼主權，下令國防部派遣軍艦運載軍隊 前往南沙群島海域巡視，登臨島嶼宣示主權。之後，中華民國與菲律賓針對南沙 群島主權交鋒，並引發中共聲明擁有南海諸島的挑戰。最終，蔣中正下令國軍駐 防太平島，極力捍衛南沙群島主權，設法開發南海實業。蔣中正對於中華民國捍 衛南海島嶼主權屢有關鍵作為，本文透過相關檔案、資料，考察1945年到1956 年間中華民國捍衛南海諸島主權的努力，從中觀察蔣中正的重要作為。

In recent years, disputes over the sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands have gained international attention. Countries with claims on various parts of the South China Sea have been combing through historical evidence and citing the principles of international law to consolidate their rights and defend their sovereignty. Today, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Taipei claims that the Republic of China (ROC) has sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands. From a historical perspective, garrisoning the Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands in 1946 under orders from Chiang Kai-shek, chairman of the Nationalist Government, provides critical evidence suggesting the ROC’ s sovereignty over these islands. By the end of 1949, the ROC had retreated to Taiwan, and it had withdrawn troops from the South China Sea in the following year. The Spratly Islands were in a power vacuum, and the Philippines challenged Taiwan sovereignty. Still, the President of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-Shek, vowed to defend their sovereignty. In 1956, the Philippines laid claim to the Spratly Islands in what is known as the Cloma Incident. After considering the international situation, Chiang Kai-Shek ordered the Ministry of National Defense to send warships to patrol and troops to land in order to consolidate sovereignty in spite of the Philippines being a member of the Asian anti-communist alliance. Afterward, the ROC and the Philippines engaged in this issue head-on, which caused the People， s Republic of China (PRC) to also lay claim to the South China Sea Islands. In the end, Chiang Kai-Shek ordered the military to garrison Taiping Island, defend sovereignty over the Spratly Islands, and attempt to develop the South China Sea region. In regard to defending the sovereignty of the South China Sea Islands, Chiang Kai-Shek made some critical moves. This study is based on related archives and material to examine the Republic of China’ s efforts to defend sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands between 1945 and 1956 and to review important actions by Chiang Kai-Shek.