骨髓分為紅骨髓與黃骨髓。紅骨髓具造血功能，黃骨髓成分多為脂肪。本研究由102 年12 月至105 年11 月 收集39 名患有急性骨髓性白血病的患者，在治療前(第0 天)和治療後第7 天使用3.0 Tesla MR 磁振掃描儀進行質 子磁振掃描頻譜技術掃描，激發採集模式為STEAM (Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode)序列，體素(voxel size)為 1.25 立方厘米，頻譜測量位置在第三腰椎椎體。本研究椎體質子磁振掃描頻譜不使用水抑制功能。單體素質子磁 振掃描頻譜參數包括重複時間(TR)為5,000 毫秒，迴聲時間(TE)為20 毫秒，掃描次數(AVERAGE)32 次，光譜頻 寬為1,000 Hz。研究發現抑制治療成功的病患，將會有脂肪信號強度比例增加和水信號強度比例減少的現象。不 但可即時提供白血病患者化學治療前後骨髓變化的敏感性監測。還減少可能對病患進行侵入式檢查的需要。

The bone marrow is classified into red (hematopoietic) and yellow (fatty) bone marrow. Red bone marrow has hematopoietic function, and yellow bone marrow contains mostly fat. We recruited 39 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from December 2013 to November2016, by using 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner before treatment (named as Day 0) and on the 7th day after treatment (named as Day 7). We used the scanner to perform the spectral measurement by using the technique named single voxel, and the excitation acquisition mode is STEAM (Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode) sequence, the voxel size is 1.25 cm3, and the spectrum measurement site is in the central position of third lumbar vertebra. Furthermore, we did not use water suppression of the vertebral proton (1H) MRS acquisition. The MRS parameters included a repetition time (TR) of 5,000 milliseconds, an echo time (TE) of 20 milliseconds, an average of 32 times, and a spectral bandwidth of 1,000 Hz. We found that an increase in fat content ratio and a decrease in water content ratio significantly after 7 days’ induction chemotherapy of AML patients. It not only provides real-time and also very sensitive monitoring of bone marrow changes before and after chemotherapy in vivo of leukemia patients. These findings might reduce the need for biopsy in some cases.