凡有人類之始，為爭奪資源，即出現犯罪。在無文化、無政府時代，個人犯罪不足以影響族群利益，當然無人究問；進入歷史時期，人類群居，小我之犯罪行為損害大我甚鉅，問責必屬當然。中國歷史悠久，有文字可考的歷史已逾四千六百多年。這麼漫長的文化發展過程中，有關犯罪偵查的知識與技能不斷累積。然在近代中國屢敗於西方的船堅砲利後，文化自卑感湮沒了這些寶貴的文化結晶，甚為可惜。今擬藉由此文，綜論中國原本已有之刑事鑑識科技，並取與我國現有相關鑑識科技互證，內容包括『犯罪現場重建』、『屍體檢驗』、『指紋鑑識』、『體液鑑識』、『痕跡鑑識』、『槍彈鑑識』、『藥毒物鑑識』、『火場鑑識』、『文書鑑定』及『微物跡證鑑識』等範疇，俾利讀者讀之能博古通今、鑑古知今。

Crime as a natural and inevitable part of any human society. Every society has its own sets of moral standards and expectation. Criminal behavior is defined as an act or failure to act in a way that violates public law. In order to maintain the public order, the criminal procedure and law were used in human society. Written records of the history of China can be found from as early as 1500BC under the Shang dynasty. The criminal investigation technique and knowledge can be accumulated to a remarkable levels by the culture development over time. Unfortunately, these amazing achievements were abandoned at the pressure of ships and armament of western powers. In order to present the wisdom in ancient Chinese, a variety of forensic science techniques were synthetic discussion in this article, including the crime scene reconstruction, medical autopsy, fingerprint identification, body fluid analysis, machine mark comparison, abuse drug testing, arson investigation, questioned document examination and trace evidence analysis. Through the study, researchers can understand the overall theories and developments of forensic science in ancient and present of our country.