篇名 | 牟宗三哲學中的具體的普遍 |
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卷期 | 49:1 |
並列篇名 | The Concrete Universal in Mou Zongsan’s Philosophy |
作者 | 史偉民 |
頁次 | 125-150 |
關鍵字 | 牟宗三 、 具體的普遍 、 本心 、 道德的形上學 、 道德行動 、 Mou Zongsan 牟宗三 、 the concrete universal 、 the original heart 、 moral metaphysics 、 moral action 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 201903 |
DOI | 10.6503/THJCS.201903_49(1).0005 |
「具體的普遍」是牟宗三 (1909-1995) 哲學方法中的重要概念,牟宗三在形上學、 倫理學與歷史哲學的脈絡中使用此一概念。對牟宗三而言,具體的普遍性是作為精神實 體的本心的性質。本心是普遍的,因為它是應對個別情境、發動道德行為的能力;它是 具體的,因為作為能力,它只對於個別情境的應對中,才有確定的內容。然而牟宗三也 因為每一個人各自以不同的方式與程度表現本心,稱之為具體的普遍。本心為具體的普 遍的觀念,植基於牟宗三的道德的形上學,並蘊涵了一個特殊的道德行動的主張。
The “concrete universal” is a key concept in Mou Zongsan’s 牟宗三 (1909- 1995) philosophy. Mou makes use of this concept in his metaphysics, ethics and philosophy of history. According to Mou, concrete universality is an attribute of the original heart as a spiritual substance. The original heart is universal since it is the faculty that initiates moral actions in response to individual situations. It is concrete in that it has a determinate content only in its response to a given situation. However, Mou also characterizes the original heart as a concrete universal because every individual person displays the original heart in his own way and in a different degree. Rooted in Mou’s moral metaphysics, the idea that the original heart is a concrete universal implies a specific doctrine of moral action.