背景與目的：心智理論（theory of mind)與執行功能（executive function)為學 齡前孩童二項重要發展能力，於孩童發展過程可能互相影響。近年神經影像研究 發現心智理論可區分為認知及情感二層面。然而，至今仍無研究探討認知及情感 心智理論個別與執行功能之關係。因此，本研究目的為探究學齡前孩童認知及情 感心智理論與執行功能之關係。研究方法：以學齡前兒童心智理論評估工具-簡版、 卡片向度改變分類作業-電腦版與魏氏幼兒智力測驗第四版中文版之語言理解指 數評估124位3歲至6歲5個月之學齡前孩童之心智理論能力、執行功能能力及 語言理解能力。結果：皮爾森相關係數r (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r)結果顯 示學齡前孩童之認知及情感心智理論二分量表與執行功能測驗之單、雙向度正確 率與反應時間之間，多個達顯著相關（|r|=0.197〜0.318,户<0.05)，且情感心智理論分 量表與執行功能反應時間之相關性皆較認知心智理論分量表大。討論與結論：總 體來說，本研究結果呈現認知及情感心智理論與執行功能間為顯著正向的關係， 且情感心智理論與執行功能之相關性較認知心智理論大。本研究結果可增進臨床 工作者對於心智理論與執行功能之兒童發展的知識基礎，亦有助於研究工作者進 一步探究二者機制及介入方式。

Background: Theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF) are important to preschool children and may interact throughout preschool development. Recent neuroimaging research has shown ToM to have cognitive and affective aspects. However, so far, no researchers have separately investigated the relationships between these two aspects of ToM and EF. Hence, the purpose of this research was to explore the relationships between both cognitive and affective ToM and EF in preschool children. Methods: A total of 124 children aged between 3 years old and 6 years 5 months were assessed with the Brief Preschool Theory of Mind Assessment (BP-ToMA) , Dimensional Change Card Sort task (DCCS) , and Verbal Comprehension Index of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition respectively for their ToM, EF, and verbal comprehension abilities. Results: Most of the correlations between the cognitive and affective ToM subscale scores of the BP-ToMA and the reaction times of the one- and two-dimension tests of the DCCS were significant (|r| = 0.197-0.318, p < 0.05) . The correlations between affective ToM scores of the BP-ToMA and reaction times of the DCCS were stronger than those between the cognitive ToM scores of the BP-ToMA and the reaction times of the DCCS. Conclusion: Both affective and cognitive ToM are significantly correlated with EF, and the relationship between affective ToM and EF is the stronger of the two. These findings clarify the relationships between ToM and EF for better practice and as a basis for further exploration of their mechanisms.