本研究旨在探討國民小學校長正向領導、教師學術樂觀與學校效能之現況與結構關係。為達成上述目的，本研究採用問卷調查法，針對全國各縣市之公立國民小學教師進行問卷調查，採用比例分層抽樣方式，共抽取174所國民小學之1,369位教師為樣本，回收1,266份，有效問卷為1,208份。所得資料分別以描述性統計和結構方程模式等統計方式進行分析。獲致主要結論如下： 一、國民小學校長正向領導、教師學術樂觀與學校效能現況均良好。二、校長正向領導、教師學術樂觀與學校效能之測量模式與結構模式適配度良好。三、校長正向領導可透過教師學術樂觀的中介作用，正向影響學校效能。依據上述研究結論，本研究提出相關建議，俾供教育行政機關、國民小學學校行政人員和教師以及未來研究之參考。

The study aimed to explore the current situation and relationship among principal positive leadership, teachers’ academic optimism and school effectiveness in elementary schools. In order to achieve objectives, the study used self-designed questionnaires “a survey questionnaire on the current situation of elementary schools’ principal positive leadership, teachers’ academic optimism and school effectiveness.” Lamination random sampling was used and samples were from 1,369 educators among 174 schools in all counties and cities in Taiwan. There were 1,208 valid questionnaires from total 1,266 returning questionnaires. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. These results were as follows: 1. The current situation of principal positive leadership, teachers’ academic optimism and school effectiveness in elementary schools were all good.2. Principal positive leadership, teacher’s academic optimism and school effectiveness appeared well adapted to the measurement model and structural model.3. Principal positive leadership had mediate effect on teacher’s academic optimism and had influ¬ence positively school effectiveness. According to above conclusion, the research proposed relevant suggestions to be referenced by education ad-ministrative organization, elementary school administration, elementary schools’ teachers and future research.