第2型糖尿病人的疾病控制與其知覺壓力、自我效能、自我照顧行為和心理困擾息息相關，具有D型人格特質的第2型糖尿病人亦是值得關注的重要議題。根據慢性病研究的壓力模式，患者對糖尿病的知覺壓力可能透過自我效能影響疾病管理、血糖控制，甚至產生心理困擾。本文建議為改善患者的身心健康，臨床醫師或衛教師在心理介入上宜先及早善用各項評估工具，針對患者心理個別化評估，來提升病患的壓力調適技巧與自我效能感，以藉此增進其自我照顧之能力，降低其情緒困擾程度，改善血糖控制情形。

Preliminary evidences indicate that the glycemic control of type 2 diabetes is associated with perceived stress, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, psychological distress and type D personality. This review article suggests through these evaluation scales, clinic physicians and educators can give early interventions to enhance the stress coping strategies and perception of self-efficacy, such as problem-solving skills training or cognitive reappraisal, which could improve the ability of self-care, decrease the possibility of emotional disturbances and then enhance glycemic control.