抗N- 甲基- D- 天冬氨酸(NMDA)受體腦炎是最常見的，由抗體介導而引發的急性自體免疫性腦炎。目前已知卵巢畸胎瘤可以誘發抗NMDA受體抗體，特別是在罹患抗NMDA受體腦炎的年輕女性，有極高的比例發現罹患卵巢畸胎瘤。但是其他大部分的病患仍然沒有明顯的誘發因素，尤其是罹患抗NMDA受體腦炎的兒童和青年男性病患。近幾年來，多篇陸續發表的醫學文獻發現，單純皰疹病毒性腦炎經過診斷及完整治療後，可能出現第二波的腦炎復發病情，其臨床表現如同典型的抗NMDA受體腦炎；這些文獻也證明單純皰疹病毒性腦炎或其他病毒致病的腦炎，可能成為免疫觸發因子，進一步誘發抗體介導的自體免疫性腦炎，包含抗NMDA受體腦炎。我們也提供一個罕見的臨床經驗，詳細描述一名年輕男性，罹患感染性左側全般性腦炎合併嚴重顱內壓升高，治療且臨床緩解後，開始出現了特殊的臨床病程，經檢查證明為抗NMDA受體腦炎。

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is the most common form of acute antibody-mediated encephalitis, and is known to be associated with ovarian teratomas, especially in young women. However, there is often no clear provoked factor, particularly in children and young men. In recent studies, herpes-simplex virus encephalitis or other virus induced encephalitis have been considered as potential immunological triggers for acute anti-NMDA and other types of autoantibody-mediated encephalitis. The current study demonstrated a young man suffering from anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis soon after left cerebritis and increased intracranial pressure were well treated.