本文以「思想單位」研究墨家非攻與《聖經》中有關戰爭的思想。思想單位可分為情境構作、情境處理與情境融合三個層面。透過共同的結構層次比較，指出墨家好攻戰者與非攻者的情境構作，皆以古代聖王及春秋時代的戰爭實例為主。在情境處理上，非攻者主張非攻的超越根據為「天」，道德原則為「義」，符合義的行為規範為「不可虧人自利」。《聖經》中戰爭情境以出埃及的以色列人所遭遇的武力侵擾與對抗歷史為主。超越根據為「上帝」（耶和華），道德原則在消極面有：不可殺人、不可偷盜、不可起貪戀之心；在積極面為「愛」：愛上帝、愛鄰舍。墨家非攻與《聖經》有關反暴力思想可做某些情境融合，從情境處理的不同意向上看，墨家關注人在現實世界的福祉，以興天下之利為主；而《聖經》中人的存在價值歸屬於上帝的計畫之中，以能否符合並實現上帝意志為價值標準。

By “thought unit”, this study explores Condemning Offensive Warfare of Mohist School and thought of war in Bible. The structure of a thought unit includes context (scenario) construction, context (scenario) processing and context integration. Through common structural level comparison of thought unit, it argues that scenario construction of aggressive ones in Mohist School and those who oppose aggression is based on wars of ancient sacred kings and Spring and Autumn Period. As to arrangement of scenarios, Mohists of Condemning Offensive Warfare state that transcendence base of Condemning Offensive Warfare is “Heaven” and ethical principle is “justice”. It matches behavioral norm of justice: “we cannot obtain benefits by exploiting others”. War scenarios in Bible mainly refer to armed invasion encountered by the Israelites leaving Egypt and their resistance. Transcendence base is “God” (Jehovah) and passive dimension of ethical principle is below: do not kill, do not steal and do not have lust; positive dimension is “love”: love God and love the neighbors. Scenarios of Condemning Offensive Warfare of Mohist School and anti-violence ideas in Bible can be integration in some part. Regarding different purposes of scenario arrangement, Mohist School concerns about human well-being in realistic world and benefit for the world; in Bible, humans’ existence value is part of God’s plan and the standard of value is to meet or realize God’s will.