本文目的旨在回顧早產兒與認知功能之相關研究，並探討身體活動對早產兒認知功能之影響。文獻回顧後發現，相較於典型發展孩童，早產兒展現較低認知功能與執行功能表現，及較差智能表現。而在身體活動與認知功能之議題上，回顧結果指出身體活動可有效增進典型發展孩童與特殊族群之認知功能。該正面效益亦延伸至早產兒族群，研究發現較高運動能力之早產兒與較佳認知表現有關；此外，近期研究更發現急性健身運動 (意指單次身體活動介入) 亦對早產兒執行功能有其正面效益。目前早產兒認知功能與身體活動之相關研究屬於初始階段，期望本文獻回顧能提供後續研究之參考依據。

This paper’s purpose is to review the relevant studies about children with preterm birth and their cognitive function status, and likewise examines the effects of physical activity on cognitive functions in children with preterm birth. The results of the review show that children with preterm birth display diminished performances, including measurements of cognitive functions, executive functions, and intelligence performances, as compared to the results of normal children. In addition, previous studies have shown a positive relationship between physical activity and cognitive functions in normal and special populations. These positive effects also extend to children with preterm birth. For instance, studies show that children with higher exercise capacity are associated with greater cognitive function performances. Recently, studies have also provided further evidence that acute exercise facilitates executive functions in children with preterm birth. The determining of conclusions regarding these issues still remains in the beginning stages, and the hope is that this review will provide significant references for follow-up studies.