免疫檢查點抑制劑(Immune checkpoint inhibitors) 改善許多轉移性黑色素瘤(melanoma)、肺癌(lung cancer) 及腎細胞癌(renal cell carcinoma) 病人的存活率，但是使用免疫檢查點抑制劑增強了病人的免疫反應，也導致一些免疫相關的不良事件，主要包括腹瀉、結腸炎、肝炎、皮膚毒性、內分泌疾病和肺炎，雖然免疫治療相關的不良事件死亡率低，但它們的發生率不低。特別是重度的免疫相關的不良事件，常常出現併發症，若能及時發現與給予高劑量的全身性類固醇治療以及停用免疫檢查點抑制劑，絕大多數都能獲得緩解。本文將回顧免疫檢查點抑制劑導致免疫相關的不良事件機轉及治療方法，並針對常見及嚴重免疫相關的不良事件的治療。

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors can improve the overall survival of the patients with advanced malignancies. These include advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma. However, the use of Immune-checkpoint inhibitors enhances the patient’s immune response, and leads to some immune-related adverse reactions, including diarrhea, colitis, hepatitis, dermal toxicity, endocrine diseases and pneumonitis. Although the mortality rate of immune-related adverse reactions is low. However, the incidence of immune-related adverse reactions is high. Especially, there are frequently occur complications in high-grade immune-related adverse events. These complications can be alleviated if they are found in time and given high doses of systemic steroid and discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article will review the mechanism and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the development of immune-related adverse events. Especially for the treatment of common and severe immune-related adverse events.