篇名 | Sexism in Hip-Hop Culture: Exploitation of Sexism by Graffiti Female Artists |
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卷期 | 17:2 |
作者 | Sheng Kuan Chung 、 Dan Li |
頁次 | 044-065 |
關鍵字 | Hip-hop 、 Sexism 、 Contemporary Graffiti 、 Feminism 、 Art Education 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 201912 |
Hip-hop culture has permeated contemporary life, influencing attitudes of youth, and forming dominant perceptions about “sexuality, sexual power, and male-female relations” (McFarland, 2013, p. 227). Graffiti, an urban subculture and part of the hip-hop movement, often problematically portray women. In this article, we explore how sexism in hip-hop culture has influenced contemporary graffiti created by female artists. Three examples of graffiti in our case study demonstrate how female graffiti artists intentionally exploit women's bodies for visual pleasure and create art that perpetuates the practice of the male gaze for public attention. This study reaffirms the intentional sexist glorification of female bodies in hip-hop culture (Love, 2016), and further illuminates the fact that contemporary graffiti images, even created by women, continue to reinforce sexism, misinforming teenagers who consume hip hop culture, leading to stereotypical gendered images and a pornographic nature of women in our society. The findings from this study offer art teachers a critical lens to explore sexism in the art world with their students. The three contemporary graffiti examples used in this study can serve as visual examples for art teachers to confront and guide their students to learn sexism, specifically in contemporary graffiti. Such exploration, class activities, and discussions enable youth to develop human agency in order to participate in the democratic process of social equity, i.e., to first become aware of sexism in hip hop and to promote a healthy image of women in our society.