篇名 | 思想實驗與資訊不對稱:從懷疑和自我懷疑的角度看 |
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卷期 | 47:8=555 |
並列篇名 | Thought Experiments and Information Asymmetries: From the Perspective of Doubt and Self-Doubt |
作者 | 劉靖賢 、 王海若 |
頁次 | 077-092 |
關鍵字 | 思想實驗 、 信息不對稱 、 直觀 、 對稱原則 、 自尊原則 、 Thought Experiment 、 Information Asymmetry 、 Intuition 、 Symmetry Principle 、 Self-Respect Principle 、 A&HCI |
出刊日期 | 202008 |
思想實驗的案例方法被廣泛運用在當代分析哲學中。這種方法用直觀反例來質疑傳統界定的合理性。實際上,從傳統界定和直觀反例所得出的矛盾可以被看作邏輯悖論。正如邏輯悖論具有對角線結構,思想實驗包含資訊不對稱。如果這種資訊不對稱可以被識別為不一致,那麼相應的直觀反例是不合理的。資訊不對稱所導致的不一致性可以被區分為兩種情況:公開和隱藏。前者違反了對稱原則,後者違反了自尊原則。這兩個原則分別是直觀反例所應該體現的外在融貫性與內在穩定性。
Thought experiments as a method are widely applied in contemporary analytic philosophy. The method poses challenges to a traditional definition by an intuitive counterexample. Actually, such a counterexample is analogous to a logical paradox. Just as a logical paradox relies on the diagonal structure, such a counterexample relies on the information asymmetry. If the information asymmetry in a counterexample could be identified as inconsistent, then such a counterexample is implausible. The inconsistency derived from information asymmetries can be categorized as two cases: overt and concealed. The former results from the violation of the symmetry principle, while the latter from the violation of the self-respect principle. These two principles correspond respectively to the external coherence and the internal stability of a situation.