結核菌感染造成的結核病之慢性傳染病，目前仍盛行於未開發及開發中國家。結核菌會經由血行或淋巴液之散播造成肺內或肺外結核。而肺外結核之泌尿生殖系統結核極具隱匿性，大多數患者僅表現出局部症狀無特異性，如：頻繁排尿或排尿困難等。加上實驗室檢驗耗時不易，致使臨床診斷延遲，而進一步發展成尿道狹窄，阻塞進而導致腎功能不全。許多偏鄉勞動工作者，工作環境不佳及醫療不便，因此是結核病高危險群。本文將提出一病例並以相關回顧文獻來探討，以期讓讀者了解此疾病之重要性。

Tuberculosis (TB) infection is still prevalent in undeveloped and developing countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause TB in the pulmonary or extrapulmonary systems through the spread of bloodstream or lymphatic system. The urogenital TB is extremely insidious. Most patients only show unspecific symptoms, such as frequent urinary or difficulty urine voiding. Sterile pyuria and/or microscopic hematuria may be observed as incidental findings. The time-consuming laboratory tests are laboratory delay diagnosis and result in progression of disease, irreversible tissue and organ damage, and chronic kidney disease. Many rural workers have poor working conditions and access to medical facilities, so they are at greater risk of TB. This article presents a case with discussion citing relevant review literature in order to let the readers understand the importance of this disease.