創傷性腦損傷可因多種外力因素導致，在現今人口擁擠與交通頻繁的環境中常見的原因有交通事故、跌倒、或高撞擊性運動，腦損傷不僅產生神經、精神、及認知等各種系統或功能異常之後遺症，同時也可能傷害位於腦部深處的腦下垂體，引起各種內分泌功能低下症，例如：若發生在腦創傷後急性期即需立即給予治療的腎上腺功能低下症或是中樞性尿崩症，在慢性時期仍持續存在或新發生的甲狀腺功能低下症、性腺功能低下症、生長激素缺乏症。在診治創傷性腦損傷患者的同時，臨床醫師需認知如何診斷各類腦下垂體功能低下症，並如何適時與適當給予補充治療，以保持各種內分泌系統功能之正常運作。此一日漸多見的內分泌疾病值得做一探討。

The consequences caused by traumatic brain injury are not only limited to neurological, psychological, and cognitive dysfunctions but may also frequently involve injury to the pituitary gland, resulting in hypo-functioning of one or more of the pituitary- target endocrine organs, despite its deep location in the brain. All ranges of brain trauma (mild, moderate or severe) may have the potential of causing abnormal function of the pituitary gland and injured patients should all be carefully monitored for a timely diagnosis and treatment whenever indicated. All the hormones secreted from the pituitary gland may be affected after the traumatic insult, including adrenocorticotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and gonadotropins from the adenohypophysis, as well as anti-diuretic hormone from the neurohypophysis. A major hope of this review article is to raise interest in clinicians about knowing the pathophysiology, proper diagnosis and treatment of any pituitary insufficiency caused by traumatic brain injury. Clinicians are encouraged to keep high vigilance of this disorder due to the increasingly high incidence of traumatic brain injury encountered in this modern world of high population density and crowded surroundings, with a notable high risk of injury to the pituitary gland and the endocrine functions thus incurred.