本文由政治經濟學的角度，對中國大陸的人口控制政策長期持續的問題進行深入探討。我們指出，社會科學知識之不足和爭議（由而產生的意識形態僵化），官僚和既得利益集團的阻撓，政府官員懼怕補償受損者由而產生的不敢承認錯誤的心理，以及無法及時糾錯的政府治理機制，這些因素的共同作用，使中國大陸的人口控制政策持續至今。

From the perspective of political economy, this paper delves into the reasons why China's birth control policy has carried out for a long time. We point out important factors to stymie policy reforms, including the lack of social science knowledge, obstruction of bureaucracy and vested interest groups, the fear of the compensation for losers and reluctant minds to admit mistakes, and authoritarian governance mechanism. These factors interweave and result in China’s draconian birth control policy lasting long.