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聖嚴研究

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篇名 法鼓八式動禪在校園中實用活用之個案探討──以一所中學的國三班級為例
卷期 11
並列篇名 Applying DDM eight-form moving meditation to schools: A case study of the 3rd-grade classrooms in a middle school
作者 江玥慧陳武雄常慧娟
頁次 183-258
關鍵字 法鼓八式動禪禪修在校園的應用人格教育DDM eight-form moving meditationintroducing meditation to school classroomscharacter education
出刊日期 201811

中文摘要

承續法鼓山創辦人聖嚴法師帶領四眾弟子所定下的使命──「以心靈環保為核心,弘揚漢傳禪佛教;透過三大教育,達到世界淨化」,本研究案著重於探討漢傳禪佛教的修行觀念與方法可以如何在學校教育中實用活用,期許為健全的人格教育奠定基礎。
本研究報告以新北市一所中學的國三班級為例,班導師希望幫助學生在學校及日常生活中能安定身心以提高學習能力,在面臨會考壓力時能專注安定。來自校園師生的需求成為此研究案的開端。由研究團隊成員之一也是法鼓山資深禪修講師先進行訪談,在了解老師、家長與學生的需求後,設計了一套適合學生且依循法鼓八式動禪心法的靜心課程,以禪修觀念的說明,搭配「動中清楚放鬆」的動作。由班導師視學生的需要邀約研究團隊到班級上引導學生體驗清楚放鬆。
本研究案採用自然探究(Naturalistic Inquiry)質性為主,量化為輔的研究方法,在自然的學習情境下,觀察、了解學生學習靜心課程的過程,以及課程中提及的觀念與方法對學生的課業學習和日常生活中人我互動所產生的影響。研究團隊與班級師生從二○一四年下半年開始持續互動,將近兩年期間進行多元化資料蒐集以確保研究的信實度(trustworthiness)。
研究結果先以問卷回饋搭配學生在研究團隊進班引導後,於聯絡簿所留下的心得來呈現學生對此課程的觀感;接下來,以詳述情境細節的個案報告,來說明學生將靜心觀念與方法運用在生活中的實例。學校師生在接觸靜心課程後,對課程內容的自主運用與學習,亦可看出八式動禪心法落實在校園中對學生在健全人格養成上的助益。最後,研究團隊反思在將禪修介紹到校園的過程中所應掌握的原則,也正呼應了漢傳禪佛教的消融性、包容性與適應性。

英文摘要

Following up the mission of spreading Chinese Chan Buddhism widely, established by Venerable Master Sheng Yen, the founder of Dharma Drum Mountain (DDM), this study aims at exploring how to practically apply the concepts and methods derived from DDM eight-form moving meditation to school education, and further contributing to developing sound character education.
This study occurs in a middle school in New Taipei City, Taiwan. A teacher of a third-grade class would like to help her students be focused and settled as they face the pressure from taking Comprehensive Assessment. Grounded on the essentials of DDM eight-form moving meditation as well as taking teachers’, parents’ and students’ needs into consideration, one of the research team members, a senior DDM meditation teacher, designs a meditation program including the Chan practicing concepts and a series of body movements facilitating students to experience clearness and relaxation. In accordance with students’ needs relevant to the school events, the class teachers invite the research team to hold the meditation sessions in class. In each session, the senior DDM meditation teacher leads the students to practice being clear and relaxing as they perform the movements, and elaborates on how to apply Chan practicing concepts and methods in daily lives.
The researchers adopt Naturalist Inquiry as research methodology for this study. In the real-life learning contexts, we observe students’ learning process as they engage in the meditation sessions. We also endeavor to understand the influence of participating in the sessions on students’ learning and interaction with self, others and the surroundings. The research team has been interacting with the teachers and students since 2014 and collected multiple data sources to establish trustworthiness of this study.
The researchers first report students’ perspectives on the meditation program with self-report questionnaires and students’ journals reflecting on the meditation sessions. Next, we use case reports with detailed context to exemplify students’ application of the concepts and methods learned from the meditation sessions in their daily lives. We believe that the practical application of DDM eight-form moving meditation to school settings may contribute to sound character education. The findings that demonstrate teachers’ and students’ autonomous application of what they learned from the meditation program to their daily lives are likely to support this point of view. Lastly, the researchers’ reflection on the process of introducing Chan meditation to school classrooms resonates with the strength of Chinese Chan Buddhism; that is, the ability to absorb, embrace, adapt, and adjust to the needs of people everywhere.

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