臺灣小校面臨班級學生人數過少之挑戰，教師亟需認識新的教學型態。本文透過文獻和實地觀察日本小校實施複式學級的經驗，聚焦在複式學級中的學年別指導教學實務，介紹日本的課室如何透過細膩的操作，將少人數班級的限制轉換成優勢。研究者觀察到，學生在複式學級課室中，主動學習的機會增加、學生能專注和沉浸在學習中，以及小老師促進自學與共學，日本的教育經驗可作為臺灣偏鄉小校之參考。

The class size of rural elementary schools has changed dramatically so that teachers need to recognize new teaching approaches and transform them to practice. The article focused on the implementation and teaching practice of multigrade class in Japanese rural schools based on literature review and field observations in Japan. The Japanese classrooms make best use of delicate operations in teaching processes to turn the limitations of small classes into advantages. Students had more opportunities for active learning and engaged in thinking process. By working with peer guide, they also enjoyed learning together and independently. Some remarks on Japanese experience were provided in the article for future research and school development.