唐代以建功立業為「士」的價值實踐，中唐以後許多人因一第難求而被迫隱居，遂面臨「士不成士」的難題。本文觀察陸龜蒙從「士人」轉為「隱居者」的過程，發現他即使隱居也仍保有部分的士人之志。陸龜蒙擔負著「無祿之士」的焦慮，自視以秩序之外的「江湖散人」；但也從對江湖散人的自我描述之中，肯認一種不涉事功的士人類型。從而，透過對地方事務的關注與批判，得以克服士不成士的難題。他所描寫的，已非純粹的精神歸屬，而是現實與閒適共存的田園生活，因而表現為不時有幽憤氣的詩人。本文除理清較為複雜的陸龜蒙隱居心態與文學，在看待晚唐士人帶有隱逸之思的作品時，亦或能有所助益。

During the Tang Dynasty, meritorious service was a core value of the literati. After middle Tang Dynasty, many literati were living in seclusion due to the pressures of passing the national exam and were thus confronted by the “incomplete role of literati”. This study focuses on how Lu Guimeng transoforms from an aspiring literati to a recluse while maintaining the goal of passing the national exam. Lu Guimeng bore the anxiety of “man with no salary,” and held that he was a man of ouside the social order. The name he gave this situation was “Jianghu sanren”. However, through exploring the condition of “the wanderer of lakes and rivers,” he created a literati that was not related to the country. In overcoming this dilemma, he focused on local affairs. Thus, the seclusive life he depicted was not merely a metaphysical abstraction but a temporal reality, depicted from time to time by those poet sharing a “hidden resentment”. This study aims to clarify Lu Guimeng’s living in seclusion and his works, which may help to understand other recluse’s works during late Tang China.