篇名 | 金末河北士民遷徙現象初探 |
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卷期 | 60 |
並列篇名 | Preliminary Study on Migration of Inhabitants in He-Bei during the Late Jin (Anchun Gurun) Period |
作者 | 鄭丞良 |
頁次 | 031-066 |
關鍵字 | 貞祐南遷 、 流民 、 金蒙之際 、 金朝 、 金宣宗 、 Zhen-You-Nan-Qian 、 Refugees 、 the Turn of Jin-Mongol Period 、 Jin dynasty 、 Emperor Xuanzong 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 202106 |
金宣宗因應蒙古南侵而遷都汴京,大量官員、軍户隨之南遷河南,史稱「貞祐南遷」。本文分析河北地區中下級官員與百姓避兵行為,認為「避危就安」是民眾避兵基本原則,離開河北、就近避兵都是民眾可能的選項。若是遠距離避難,河北民眾主要考慮以河南為主、山東為次的南遷避兵方向。南遷具體路線主要有三,分別是太行山東侧、漕運河渠沿線以及深、冀兩州進入山東。另外,不少基層百姓選擇就近取得保護。例如投靠世侯或是降蒙,或是在鄉里就地避兵,或是投靠諸如霸州信安水寨、沃州水寨、邢州山寨、相州林慮山寨等等保護據點。至於返鄉的選擇,可以看到留在河北、就近避兵的百姓,往往不待金朝滅亡,便會回到秩序甫定的鄉里。
The so-called “Zen-You Nan-Qing (migration southward in the period of Zen-You, 1213-1217)” refers to that Emperor Xuanzong (Wudubu) of the Jin dynasty (Anchun Gurun) moved the capital city from Yan-Jing (Zhongdu) to Bian-Jing (Kaifeng) to escape the Mongol incursion. During this incursion, officials of lower echelon, soldiers, and common people migrated southward to He-Nan. This article aims interpret “seek security to avoid disaster” as the incumbent concept of common people to escape military incursion; while to leave He-Bei homeland or migrating to nearby area were both choices. There were three main paths from He-Bei to the south in He-Nan and Shan-Dong: along the route of eastern wing of Tai-Hang Mountain, sailing through the Grand Canal, and, travelling from Shen-Zhou and Ji-Zhou to Shan-Dong. Some people chose to stay in the homeland either surrendered to the Mongols or sought protections from local militias in different spots in the mountains or waters such as Ba-Zhou, Wuo-Zhou, Xing-Zhou, and Xiang-Zhou etc. It is observed that people stayed nearby hometown in He-Bei often moved back home as soon as peace or social order restored, even before downfall of the Jin regime.