健康照護體系的各部門，護理人員都佔最大族群，護理人員是所有醫事人員中，接觸個案距離最近，次數最頻繁者；人體的複雜性、個別性，讓照護行為具有高度風險性。護理人員的執業行為必須是安全、有能力、合乎倫理，且遵循法律與規定者。據統計，護理人員訴訟事件的前三項為：專業作為32.5%（professional conduct）、業務範疇24.8%（scope of practice）、文件記錄的錯誤或漏失9.7%（documentation error or omission; Colorado Nurses Association & Nurses Service Organization, 2020）。近十年興起的智慧醫療，其潛在風險為可能會危及病人隱私、安全，或照護專業的標準；此外，也可能使法律產業面臨轉型或革命（Neary & Chen, 2017），因此法律風險管理就尤顯重要。欲營造具法律風險管理的職場，可自某一或許多構面著手（例如個人、團隊、組織、系統等）。不過，最重要的仍是第一線的執行者。所以護理人員、照顧服務員對照護個案過程，可能衍生法律風險的信念、態度，攸關其是否嚴格遵循工作規範（Fontaine et al., 2019）。本專欄藉由「護理業務與法律風險管理—以注意義務為中心」、「醫院照顧服務員照顧過失之法律責任」與「護理與智慧醫療法律風險」等專文論述，期盼照護職場能提供安全（SAFE）舉措：即支持（Support）護理人員、照顧服務員熟習照護專業的法律風險；由訴訟事件喚醒（Arousing）職場的高標注意義務；繼而對深化至個人行事動機、技術操作、與人際互動給予正向回饋（Feedback）；以營造從業人員在執行繁複的個案照護時，也同時擁有一個健康職場（Environment）。莎士比亞的著名戲劇「暴風雨」，內有一雋永名句：「凡是過去，皆為序曲」。分析法律訴訟案例，恰似照護職場的明燈，鑑往知來，將使護理師、照顧服務員能安全、尊嚴的助人，以臻全民共好。

Nursing professionals constitute the largest occupational group in all healthcare system depart¬ments, and are the healthcare professionals who work most closely and frequently with patients. The complexity and variability of the human body make nursing a high-risk occupation. The practice behaviors of nursing professionals must be safe, competent, and ethical, and must comply with rele¬vant laws and regulations. Based on statistics pub¬lished by the Colorado Nurses Association and the Nurses Service Organization (2020), professional conduct (32.5%), scope of practice (2.8%), and doc-umentation error or omission (9.7%) are the three most-common categories of litigation faced by nurse practitioners. Smart medicine, which has emerged in the past decade, poses potential risks to patient pri¬vacy, safety, and professional nursing-care standards and holds the potential to significantly transform or even revolutionize the legal industry (Neary & Chen, 2017). Therefore, legal risk management is of particular importance to the nursing profession. Creating a legal-risk-management program in a workplace may start by focusing on one or more workplace aspects (e.g., individuals, teams, orga-nizations, systems). However, the most crucial el¬ement is the frontline implementer. Therefore, the beliefs and attitudes of nursing staff and hospital care attendants toward the legal risks that may arise from the process of patient care are critically re¬lated to whether these professionals adhere strictly to the code of practice (Fontaine et al., 2019). This column proposes a safety initiative (SAFE) for the nursing-care workplace through special articles such as “Legal Risk Management in Nursing Practice: The Importance of Duty of Care,” “Legal Liability for Negligence: Nurse Aides Working in Hospitals,” and “The Legal Risks Faced in Nursing and Smart Healthcare.” This initiative entails familiarizing nursing staff and care attendants with the legal risks associated with the patient-care profession (Support); setting high standards for patient care in the work-place that address these risks (Arousing); giving positive feedback to strengthen personal motivation, technical operation, and interpersonal interactions (Feedback); and creating a healthy workplace for practitioners while carrying out complex patient care (Environment). Shakespeare’s famous drama The Tempest includes the timeless saying: “what’s past is pro¬logue.” Analyzing litigation cases provides critical evidence to guide the evolution and improvement of nursing workplaces. Learning from past experience enables nurses and hospital care attendants to help others in a safe and dignified manner that will bene¬fit all people.