我國在實行寬嚴並進的兩極化刑事政策下，再加上近年來受刑罰民粹主義的主導，使得短期刑受刑人大量湧入監獄，造成矯正機關超額收容，除影響受刑人矯正成效外，也導致受刑人違規事件日益增加。因此，本研究旨在探討短期刑受刑人違規行為的成因。本研究以2015年北部某一矯正機關去識別化違規受刑人官方資料進行分析，研究對象為宣告刑未滿三年之受刑人，共計有227名違規受刑人及318筆違規件數作為分析樣本。研究發現，大部分的短期刑受刑人僅違規一次（76.2%）或二次（16.3%），僅有少部分人多次違規，其中有超過八成的違規行為是受刑人入監未滿半年內所發生的。暴力違規行為與「刑期」、「累進處遇級別」、「婚姻狀況」、「有無子女」及「是否有施用毒品前科或紀錄」等5個變項有顯著的差異存在。暴力違規組年齡（35.97±8.77）明顯低於非暴力違規組年齡（39.18±9.33），且暴力違規行為會隨著刑期的增長而遞減。本研究以剝奪模式和輸入模式預測受刑人暴力違規行為，剝奪模式僅能解釋受刑人違規行為變異量3.47%，而輸入模式可解釋受刑人違規行為變異量15.78%，顯示短期刑受刑人的個別特質是影響違規行為的主因，此與Jiang和Fisher-Giorlando及Lahm的研究發現一致，即入監前的社會化經驗和個人特質影響力會高於入監後所受剝奪痛苦的影響力。

The polarize criminal policy and penal populism resulted in a greater number of offenders being incarcerated. The short prison sentences inmate was dramatically increasing. There is a great deal of general literature on inmate misconduct. However, research focused on short prison sentences was scant. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of short prison sentences inmate misconduct in Taiwan. Based on prior studies, this study focused on two theoretically approaches, which were deprivation and importation models, to predict and explain short prison sentences inmate violent misconduct. A descriptive survey design was adopted to collect the data. 318 official records of inmate misconduct were collected from 227 inmates, which sentences below 36 months, in the north Taiwan correctional facility in 2015. The quantitative analysis of this study was conducted with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Results of this study revealed that most inmate misconducts were once (76.2%) or twice (16.3%), and more than 80% of misconduct occurred within six months after incarceration. Violent inmate misconduct group (VIMG) and nonviolent inmate misconduct group (NVIMG) were significantly different from sentences, progressive treatment systems, marital status, children, and drug abuse records. The age of VIMG (35.97±8.77) was significantly younger than NVIMG (39.18±9.33), and violent misconduct would decrease with the length of sentences. Sentence, violence history prior to incarceration, progressive treatment system, age could prediction on inmate violence misconduct. The importation model (15.78%) has a powerful explanation than the deprivation model (3.47%) on inmate violent misconduct. The study findings may serve as a guide for further research on short prison sentences misconduct prevention.