犯罪學理論與研究大多以男性為主要對象，性別常被視為控制變項，討論女性再犯或性別差異的研究較為少見；本研究主要目的在透過11年定群追蹤調查853名受保護管束人，以檢驗性別對於再犯行為的影響，並分析再犯預測因子的性別差異。研究結果顯示，性別與再犯罪經驗具有顯著關聯性，男性的再犯數量多於女性、未再犯時距較短、犯罪類型較多；再犯預測因子結果發現，男性有較低的初犯年齡、較低藥物濫用程度、較低家庭依附程度，而有較高的自陳偏差、較高正向因應、遊樂生活形態及偏差同儕；透過路徑分析顯示性別對社會控制、負向因應、較高遊樂生活型態、偏差同儕與再犯行為具顯著直接效果，亦會透過調節社會控制，進而影響壓力及因應；最後根據研究結果提出相關建議。

Most existing criminological theories and research mostly focus on male sample and view gender as a control variable. Research on females’ recidivism or gender differences in recidivism is rare. The main purposes of the current study are to examine the impact of gender on recidivism and to analyze gender differences in factors affecting their recidivism by examining a panel data of 853 male and female probationers. The findings showed that gender was significantly associated with recidivism. Male probationers had higher recidivism rate, were more quickly involved in crime again, and committed more types of crime than female probationers did. Compared with women, men had an earlier onset of crime, lower drug abuse rate, and weaker family attachment, but higher self-reported delinquency, positive coping, deviant lifestyle, and deviant peers. The results of path analysis indicated that gender had a significantly direct effect on social control, negative coping, deviant lifestyle, deviant peers, and recidivism. It also had an indirect effect on stress and coping through social control. Suggestions based on research findings are discussed.