近年來許多研究發現，高強度間歇訓練(high-intensity interval training)被廣泛運用在運動員訓練或者一般大眾的健康促進上，透過短時間的運動能達到類似或甚至更優於長時間連續中等強度有氧運動的訓練效果，這一項具時間經濟效益的運動方法，不論在運動表現或改善健康方面都有明顯的效益。本文以論述方式彙整相關文獻來呈現高強度間歇訓練在不同族群的應用，細分為一般健康成人、過重與肥胖者、中老年人及第2型糖尿病患者。本研究方法於Google學術搜尋、華藝線上圖書館、PubMed (MEDLINE)及Web of Science選查近6年至2021年1月的國內外相關研究文獻進行比較分析。本文獻回顧分析結果揭示，一般健康成人、過重與肥胖族群、中老年人以及第2型糖尿病患者，在接受高強度間歇訓練後皆能有效改善心肺能力、身體組成、血糖、血脂代謝及心血管危險因子。儘管如此，在設計高強度間歇訓練的運動處方時，仍必須針對不同族群加以考量適合的運動強度與時間，才能達到高強度間歇訓練帶來的健康效益。

In recent years, many studies have found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is widely applied in athlete’s training and health promotion program in the general public. The relative shorter period of training duration of HIIT can achieve similar or even better training effects in comparison with relative longer period of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise. Thus, this time-efficient exercise has apparent benefits in both sport performance and health improvement. This review literature presented application of HIIT in different populations, including the general public, overweight and obese individuals, middle-aged and elderly adults, and patients with type 2 diabetes. A database search was conducted using Google Scholar, Airiti Library, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science from January 2015 to January 2021 for studies related to exercise training interventions. The results of this literature review showed that the HIIT can effectively improve cardiopulmonary capacity, body composition, blood glucose, and lipids metabolism, and reduce cardiovascular risk factors in the general public, overweight or obese individuals, middle-aged and elderly adults, and type 2 diabetic patients. Note that while applying HIIT in exercise prescription, it is necessary to properly manipulate the exercise intensity and duration for different populations to achieve health outcomes.