和平島及其附近山嶺地區，自宋元以降就是從福建向北到琉球、日本，向南到呂宋，以及由呂宋到日本的航線地標；明初稱之為「小琉球」，後又稱為「雞蘢山」，並逐渐以國際轉口貿易中心的海港面貌聞世，在東亞海洋網絡中扮演重要角色。距今4500-3500年前以降，和平島上就有新石器文化人類聚落；現存最早定居島上的原住民是「凱達格蘭族」巴賽人（Basai），其祖先於二千年前由菲律賓移入臺灣東部，逐渐移居東北岸再到和平島。漢人跨海來往於和平島的歷史可溯自宋代，呼應宋以降東亞海洋活動趨於旺盛的趨勢，並可能在元代形成季節性移居，迨至明末出現逐渐轉向定居性聚落的趨勢。故在西元1626年西班牙人佔領和平島之前，已有漢商漁工在島上居住營生。其後，島上漢人聚落歷經了西、荷和明鄭統治的考驗，奠定清代漢人踵續移居生存繁衍的基礎。本文旨探討西班牙人佔領以前漢人移居和平島的歷史進程與性質，以闡明島上歷史文化資產的內涵、根源，及其所蘊含之東亞海洋人文綱絡的深遠背景。

Heping Island locates in northeast of Keelung Port as its gateway. A millennium ago, Keelung (基隆, originally known as ‘Jilong’[雞籠] until 1875 AD) and Tamsui had already been crucial locations in the East Asian ocean network before becoming seaports. After the Song and Yuan dynasties, ‘Jilong Mountain’ (named ‘Small Ryukyu’ in ancient times) had been a landmark of the ‘Eastern Ocean Navigation Routes’ that connected Japan, Ryukyu, Fujian and the Philippines archipelago before it was capable of being a seaport in the mid-16th century. The island was inhabited by Neolithic settlements 4500 - 3500 years ago. The originally settled people are Ketagalan Basai. Their ancestors immigrated to the northeastern shore of Taiwan from the Philippines about 2000 year ago before moving to Heping Island. Han people moved onto the island since Song and Yuan Dynasties with the rise of maritime activities in East Asia. In the Ming Dynasty, the migration patterns gradually changed from seasonal to permanent ones. Before the arrival of the Spanish colony, the location had already been a maritime trade stronghold for Chinese merchants. In the late Ming period, the Han islanders survived the ruling of the Spanish, the Dutch and the Ming Zheng, laying foundation for the thriving of immigrants in the Qing Dynasty. This article will discuss the immigration process of the Han people before Spanish Colony to examine and roots of folk cultural assets and the background of oceanic cultural network of Esat Asia on the Heping Island.