凡治海外魯迅學或現代中國文學學術史者，無法繞過冷戰早期夏濟安（1916-1965）的魯迅專論。但早逝令其著述長年處在冷戰政治文化的立場陰雲中，奧義始終不得昭彰。有幸《夏志清夏濟安書信集（1947-1965）》為此提供了豐富的一手資料。通過對夏濟安生平中某些關鍵經驗的歷史還原，本文打算就其魯迅論在兩個相關層面上提供新的解釋：一是通過重新解讀他五六十年代大量的政治、文化評論，指出夏濟安在批評魯迅的同時，還積極介入戰後政治文化的文學—政治論辯，不斷強化個人與其所處時代的緊張感；二是還原其魯迅論如何通過這種論辯最終反映新古典主義的文化旨趣，同時令魯迅文學取得文論史意義，突顯了自身強韌激進的文學性，從而為現代中國文論增添一可能的向度。

Anyone who pursues overseas Lu Hsün studies or the academic history of modern Chinese literature cannot afford to neglect the monograph on Lu Hsün during the Cold War by Tsi-an Hsia (1916-1965). But the humanistic values of his writings were never totally revealed because of his untimely death. With the publication of Letters Between Chih-tsing Hsia and Tsi-an Hsia (1947-1965), this article proposes firstly that Tsi-an Hsia also became more responsive to the tortuous realistic debates between modern Chinese literary thought and political discourse at that time by investigating the interaction between the modern Chinese literary thought and political discourse in the early Cold War. Secondly, it elaborates how the debates reflect Neoclassicism and the complexity of modern Chinese literary thought and its strong literariness.