本文從孟子在宋、滕兩國的仁政實踐經驗入手，考察「王政」與「仁政」之間的關係，提出「王政即仁政」和「仁政即王政」兩個既有聯繫又有各自規定性的命題。本文認為「王政即仁政」是一種對政治權威的評價模式，而「仁政即王政」突顯的是孟子仁政思想中對制度的創制意義，兩個命題共同構成「王政」與「仁政」的辯證關係。在上述論述的基礎上，本文對孟子仁政思想的現代難題與出路提出兩個思路，一是「問題化」現代西方理性主義，對現代西方拒斥古代西方這一現象的反思，把古代西方政治理性主義作為孟子仁政思想的外部參照，從現代民主政治強調的價值中立相反的立場出發，建立一種追求客觀幸福或最終善（至善）的價值體系，作為現代中國政治思想的合法性前提；二是「顯題化」現代中國政治思想，從恢復古代中國與現代中國內在聯繫的過程中，把孟子仁政思想作為一種新的評價方式，為政治權威的正當性提供某種與承認政治相應的思想資源，建立一種自洽而具有古今內在聯繫的仁政敘事。

According to Mencius’ practical experiences of humane government in the Song and Teng states, this study investigates the relationship between "kingship government"(wang zheng) and "humane government"(ren zheng). Following the investigation, this study claims that "kingship government" is equivalent to "humane government." Furthermore, this article proposes two ideas for resolving the modern problems of Mencius’ thought on humane government. The first idea is to "problematize" modern Western rationalism by employing Western rationalism as an external reference. The second idea is to "emphasize" modern Chinese political thought by communicating the thought of ancient and modern China. In conclusion, Mencius' thought of humane government is a value system that pursues happiness or ultimate goodness and is a new evaluation method about the recognition of modern politics.