王學流傳至明末，雖有東林學派的反思與補充，然此仍是在程朱理學立場下對王學「非全然批評」之反省。而後，經由王門後學劉蕺山、黃宗羲……等人的努力，逐漸能回歸王學的主要論述核心以修正其流弊。至清初，不論是因政治考量還是門戶之見，對王學總有一定程度的反動。約若同時期，尊朱立場鮮明之張烈(1622-1685)，除了在學術上激烈批判了王學，亦與尊王斥朱的毛奇齡(1623-1716)有所爭論。本文將以此二人思想與相關立場做出精簡描述，以反映清初王學流傳時的概況與受到的挑戰。

The transmission of Wang’s thought has been reflected and supplemented by Dong-Lin Sect in late Ming, yet they remain confined and fettered by their Cheng-Chu Neo-Confucianism’s position. Then, Wang’s thought has gradually been revised and refashioned to its mainstream through the endeavor of Liu Ji-Shan, Huang Zong-Xi, and many other scholars. In early Qing, certain counter-movements to Wang’s thought arise due to political or sectarian considerations. About the same time, Zhang Lie (1622-1685), a champion of Zhu Xi, strongly criticizes Wang’s thought while debating with Mao Qi-Ling (1623-1716), a champion of Wang. In this paper, I intend to explore the related arguments proposed by the two scholars in order to reflect the condition and challenges confronted by Wang’s in early Qing.