本文以高雄後勁與彰化大城臺西村爲研究對象，藉由問卷調查與深度訪談，探索工業污染區住民的正義觀偏好、形成正義觀的背景系絡、與實踐正義觀的困境。研究結果顯示，兩地受訪者正義觀的傾向相同，偏好污染清除與社區重建的補償正義，究其系絡因素，除了長住當地的居民在經歷自然環境的破壞後產生對好山好水的思念之外，後勁反五輕運動的意識形態與臺西村務農維生的經濟模式是形塑此正義觀的基礎。此外，若有其他正義觀可供選擇，兩地受訪者對程序正義的偏好皆會降低，顯見受訪者雖重視知的權利，但對參與相關決策有所遲疑。究其原因，除了面對龐大的污染企業所產生的參與無效感之外，後勁反五輕完成階段性任務與臺西村受訪者缺乏參與能力與自信是主要原因。這些因素阻礙了污染清除社區重建之補償正義觀的實踐，也容易促使補償個人損失之正義觀出現。

This study explores the conceptions of justice held by community residents of industrial pollution sites, the contextual factors shaping their held conceptions of justice, and the challenges to the practice of justice. These are analyzed by conducting questionnaire surveys and in-depth face-to-face interviews in Houjin, Kaohsiung City and Taishi village, Changhua County. The results of the research show that respondents from both sites tended to choose public-interest oriented compensatory justice, including pollution clean-up and community revitalization, rather than private-interest oriented compensatory justice and retributive justice. The contextual factors behind these preferences are mainly the good memories held by residents about the natural environment before its deterioration, the ideology shaped by the long journey of the local environmental movement in Houjin, and the farming traditions in Taishi village. However, fatigue from the seemingly endless environmental movement and the losing of patience and trust in the government in the fight for justice have redirected the residents toward private-interest oriented compensatory justice. This study also finds that procedural justice was less preferred if other conceptions of justice became available. Obviously, the respondents hesitated to take participatory action, although they wanted to be well informed. The contextual factors behind this attitude are perceptions of the invalidity of participation, the accomplishment of settling the mission of the local environmental movement in Houjin, and the residents’ lack of participatory capabilities and confidence.