時間敏感性狀況是具時間急迫性且需及時診斷與特定治療之疾病或狀況，對醫病雙方均產生高度影響。急診壅塞研究中，是否為緊急醫療狀況或時間敏感性狀況常為討論議題，本文回顧時間敏感性狀況概念性定義、分類、測量指標及其對研究與政策之意涵。時間敏感性狀況分為門診照護敏感狀況、特定緊急醫療處置手術及重大時間敏感性疾病；時間敏感性狀況可由民眾觀點及專家觀點來測量，本文也探討其對醫師緊急醫療行為、可避免急診、可避免住院及可避免死亡之可能應用。本文增補時間敏感性狀況之國際疾病分類碼，希望時間敏感性狀況成為學術與政策的研究議題。

Time-sensitive conditions are often urgent and require timely diagnoses and specific treatments, implicating both patients and medical providers. Emergency care research often focuses on the difference between an emergency medical condition and time-sensitive disease. This study reviewed the definition, classification, measurement indicators, and research and policy implications of time-sensitive conditions, which are classified into ambulatory care-sensitive conditions, referral-sensitive surgeries, and critical time-sensitive diseases. This study formulated a measure of a time-sensitive condition based on the perspectives of both laypeople and experts; this study also discussed implications for emergency care medical providers and regarding preventable emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Finally, this article provides the International Classification of Diseases codes for time-sensitive conditions, with the anticipation that they will become more common topics of academic and policy-focused research.