§1說明本文擬討論U莫語方言單音方言詞本字是古漢語聯綿詞的其中 一字j的問題。古漢語聯綿詞「懵懂（懂）」的「懂（懂）」罕見單用；§2 推測古漢語「懂（懂）」（「心昏昧無知不明；明白，了解」）、考證漢 語方言單用的「懂（懂）」（「頭腦糊塗，不清楚；感覺遲鈍；混亂草率 欠考慮，慌張莽撞」），兩者實一字兼正反兩義。「（足拜）cpai子」（瘸子）是南方方言共同方言詞。§3考證「（足拜）cpai」本字並非聯綿詞「蹟（足卑）」第二字「（足卑）」， 而是果攝歌戈韻「（九皮）（分皮）」；「（九皮）（分皮）」和不少南方方言歌戈韻白讀都是-ai，和許多方言「跛」有同源關係。§4.1藉§2、§3及相關字詞考證說明古漢語聯綿詞至少其中一字不單用，漢語方言卻能單用；漢語方言聯綿詞上下字「活用」；甚至兩字組合成韻尾相同的「雙音詞」；先設定本字出現的音韻範圍，再尋找本字；本字若為聯綿詞其中一字，最好提出獨用的證據；本字若與其他方言方言詞具同源關係更佳。§4.2指出未來宜齊觀古漢語聯綿詞及漢語方言聯綿詞、「雙音詞」：是否經過「詞彙化」，如何使用上下兩字，「聲母序列」（獲得意義的理據）穩定性如何。

This paper discusses the phenomenon of original characters for terms in Chinese dialects also appearing as one of the characters in lianmian doublets in Ancient Chinese. First, we show that the character dong (懂 or 懂) in the lianmian (聯綿) doublet
meng-dong (懵懂, with the second character sometimes appearing as 懂) is rarely used independently. We argue that dong in Ancient Chinese (with meanings of “a muddled mind” and “to understand”) and in Chinese dialects (with meanings of “muddled mind”“slow-witted,”“not thought out，” and “rashly done”) are in fact the same word with two opposite meanings. Next, we discuss the term paizi (足拜子, cripple), which is common to southern dialects. We argue that the original character for pai was not the second character in the lianmian doublet jibai (蹟足卑) Rather, we show that it corresponds to the character to from the Middle Chinese gege (歌戈）rhymes，as this word and many others from this rhyme are pronounced with the vowel “ai” in the vernacular pronunciations of southern dialects and are cognate with the word bo (跛) in a number of dialects. As these two examples show, of the two words making up lianmian doublets in Ancient Chinese, at least one of which, while not being able to be used independently in the koine, could be used alone in Chinese dialects. Also, the two words making up lianmian doublets in dialects could be used with a certain degree of freedom, sometimes combining to make up rhyming two-syllable words. From this we can derive a methodology for finding the original characters for words in Chinese dialects. First, one should determine which rhymes, or endings, the words would most likely have and then search for the original character within that scope. If the original character is the one that appears in a lianmian doublets, it would be best to give at least one example of the character being used alone. It would also strengthen the argument to show that the character has cognates in other dialects. Finally, we point out that future research in this area should take into consideration lianmian doublets in both Ancient Chinese and dialects and rhyming two syllable words, with particular attention being paid to whether they have undergone the process of lexicalization, how the two words making up the doublet are used, and the stability of initial series (the motivation for meaning).