1990年代是日本政治思想潮流的轉捩點，過度強調日本國粹意識的保守主義興起，日本的自由民主思想因而開始面臨重建自身價值的必要。公共哲學與共生思想是在此脈絡下流行的思想潮流，他們共享多元理念，共同抵抗右傾化現象，可視為當今日本政治思想中具有重要性的思想。鑒於此，本文以多元論為主軸，從政治思想的角度探析日本公共哲學與共生思想的特徵。本文指出，國族國家、帝國主義等現代性的負面現象是日本多元論極力抵抗的對象，他們亦批判辯證法中可見的排除原理。但是，他們對於實現多元理念的方法並沒有深入的討論，其論述相當薄弱。透過本文的研究，期望能呈現當今日本自由民主思想的特徵。

The situation of Japanese political thought changed after the 1990s upon the rise of national conservatism, which put too much emphasis on the concept of “Japaneseness”. Those with liberal democratic thoughts in Japan were urged to rebuild their values to oppose the right-wing, and under these circumstances the public philosophy and the philosophy of Kyosei started to increasingly receive attention. Both philosophies can be regarded as important branches of political thought in contemporary Japan, and both hold on to the ideals of pluralism. This study analyzes the characteristics of pluralism in Japanese public philosophy and the philosophy of Kyosei from the viewpoint of political thought. It finds that Japanese pluralism strongly resists the negative aspects of modernity, such as the nation-state and imperialism, and criticizes the principle of elimination found in the dialectic method. However, these philosophies do not state methods of realizing pluralism in detail—a defect of Japanese pluralism. Overall, this essay provides an important viewpoint for appreciating the characteristics of contemporary Japanese liberal democracy.