本文主要研究王嗣槐撰寫《太極圖說論》的目的，並根據《太極圖說論》探討王嗣槐的思想，及其在明清之際學術史上的意義。全文分兩部分，第一部分說明《太極圖說論》的寫作旨在批評佛、道二氏與宋明理學，並闡揚儒家正學。王嗣槐批評〈太極圖〉與〈太極圖說〉不符合《易》旨，是道家之作，他的看法遙承南宋陸九韶、陸九淵，更呼應清初江南學界全面檢討《易》圖的思潮。論文第二部分從有無之辨、生死與鬼神、性與天命、盡倫之教四方面，討論王嗣槐的思想的特色。本文也試圖從天主教徒張星曜對《太極圖說論》的推崇，再思明清之際儒學與天主教的交涉。

This paper aims to analyze Wang Sihuai’s Taijitusuo lun (On the Explanations of the Diagram of Supreme Ultimate) to understand Wang’s thoughts against the background of the Ming-Qing intellectual history. The first part of the paper discusses the main purpose of Wang’s composing this text, which is to distinguish “true” Confucianism from Daoism, Buddhism, and Song-Ming Confucianism. Wang Sihuai believed Taijitu and Taijitu shuo belong to Taoist works and betrayed the meaning of the Yijing (The Book of Changes). Wang’s opinions followed those of Lu Jiushao and Lu Jiuyuan and corresponded with the new wave of criticizing the Diagram of Taiji in the Jiangnan area during the early Qing period. In the second part, the paper elaborates Wang Sihuai’s thoughts from four aspects, which are (1) the fundamental difference between being and non-being, (2) the concepts of life, death, spirit, and ghost, (3) his ideas about human nature, the nature of myriad things, and the Mandate of Heaven, (4) the ethical teachings by Confucian sages. Finally, this paper also traces the friendship between Wang Sihuai and the Confucian Catholic Zhang Xingyao, and tries to explain why Zhang paid compliments to Wang Sihuai and his Taijitusuo lun by comparing their works. This also leads us to see more about the interactions between Confucianism and Christianity in 17th-century China.