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臺灣宗教研究 THCI

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篇名 災難的降臨與禳除:地方性社區脈絡中的改運與煮油淨宅,保安村的例子
卷期 11:1
並列篇名 The Befalling of a Disaster and the Rites for Exorcism: "Fate-Change" and "Passing through Oil" in a Context of Local Community, the case of Bao-an Village
作者 丁仁傑
頁次 053-088
關鍵字 災難改運過油民間信仰重訪研究DisasterFate-Changingpassing through oilfolk religionre-studyTHCI
出刊日期 201206

中文摘要

本文透過一段對於臺灣南部村落的民族誌書寫,來描述與討論漢人社會地方性社區脈絡裡的災難議題。這一段民族誌書寫,涉及村中連續性的異常死亡、請神與尋求解答、神明與村中菁英和民眾的互動、法師協助全村進行「改運」與「過油」等過程。民族誌裡,記錄與分析了漢人基層社區的村落層次,一個「不確定性的恐慌事件」所產生的集體性反應,和所產生的一連串的社會效應。首先,當災難需要神明出面處理,但神明出面的背後,會有各種力量在相互協調,因此,神明所給予的答案,不僅需要時間上的醞釀,村中長老們的協商,也需要經過一次又一次的修正,而最後才能達成在村中菁英、村民的期盼,和神明的超越性三者之間的一個平衡協調的狀態。災難的認定與處理,將會提供村民一個調整內部社會關係與神明階序的機會。其次,災難的處理,在村落的層次,「潔淨化」,是大家唯一所共同關心的原則(包括神明、社區菁英與村民皆是如此),而其層次,可能是放在對個體之潔淨的總合上,可能是放在整片地域性裡的空間上的潔淨。個體潔淨的總合,是以「改運」過平安橋的形式來達成;整片地域性的潔淨,要透過「過油」完成,這是更為徹底的潔淨化的過程。在災難防護與驅離的過程裡,道德性的思維並不是重點,而是,如何在施行規模與技巧上,能在個體層次與全村的集體層次進行全面的「潔淨化」才是重點,這與教派宗教(以道德修身為核心)的視野差異很大。在村落的層次,以「法術」消除「煞氣」,是村民主要的考量,而法師,則是在這種情況下,由附近的村子中被請來,透過其巫術操弄的專業而能協助村民來度過難關的重要人物。

英文摘要

The current study focuses on the issue of disaster management in a Chinese local community. Using the ethnographic data, we show how an uncertain event of disaster may cause a series of response: struggling of the definition of disaster, calling for deities' help, different power agents negotiate the way of dealing with disaster, etc. Three aspectsof the elites' influences, common's expectations, and deities' transcendence are in the process of continuing negotiation. The befalling of a disaster provides a change to adjust human relation and the hierarchical order of deities. Villagers put much more emphases on the principle of purification instead of morality correction. In local ritual contexts, two main rites are taken: "fate-changing through passing over the bridge," and "passing through oil," the former is for individual level, the later is for collective level. Due to the thaumaturgical manipulation is so important in tackling with the disaster, local Taoist specialist thus have to play an important role during this urgent moment of risk management.

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