由於石綿特殊的物化性質，世界各國於工業革命後陸續生產與使用，然而二十世紀末才被證實與惡性間皮細胞瘤有高度相關，各國政府及許多國際單位紛紛提出限制條件。台灣曾為世界聞名的拆船王國，石綿的職業暴露者眾多，由於惡性間皮細胞瘤的潛伏期長達數十年，因此推估近年之惡性間皮細胞瘤確診者可能較以往增加。雖然惡性間皮細胞瘤為少見之疾病，尤其腹膜惡性間皮細胞瘤發生率更低，對於腹膜惡性間皮細胞瘤此職業病仍須加以重視，因此藉由本文個案報告回顧近期對腹膜惡性間皮細胞瘤之相關文獻及研究。

Owing to the special physicochemical properties of asbestos, many countries manufacture and use asbestos excessively after the industrial revolution. However, it was not until at the end of the 20th century that peritoneal malignant mesothelioma was proven to be highly related to the exposure of asbestos. Afterward, many governments and international associations announced restrictions and regulations for asbestos. Taiwan was once a famous ship scrapping country in the 1970s and 1980s. Therefore, many people were exposed to asbestos while scrapping ships as their occupation. Since the incubation period of peritoneal malignant mesothelioma could last for decades, we estimate that people diagnosed with peritoneal malignant mesothelioma might increase recently. Although malignant mesothelioma is a rare disease, we still have to pay attention to such occupational diseases. In this study, we will report a case of a ship-breaking worker, who was diagnosed with peritoneal malignant mesothelioma, and review the relevant literature and studies.