不穩定阻力訓練是指在動態平衡的情境進行阻力訓練。過去研究發現參與不穩定阻力訓練亦同時產生動作與心理上的挑戰，可能對認知功能產生額外的正向效益。本研究旨在回顧不穩定阻力訓練對老年人認知功能之影響的相關研究，並依據回顧結果提出結論與未來方向。本文回顧結果發現不穩定阻力訓練對老年人的認知功能具有潛在效益，然而受到一些方法學與統計分析的限制，對此結果的解釋仍須謹慎。未來研究除了將此結果延伸至更多族群之外，更可針對不穩定阻力訓練在於特定認知功能、大腦結構功能、生化機制及劑量反應關係等面向進行後續探討，以更深入了解其機制。

Instability resistance training (IRT) requires individuals to perform resistance exercises under dynamic balance conditions that involved exercises with high motor complexity and cognitive demands. Previous studies have been shown that IRT is a promising strategy for improvement of cognitive functions in older adults, which produces the challenges of the physical and cognitive domains simultaneously, that may have additional benefits on cognitive functions. However, the effects and mechanisms of IRT on cognitive functions in older adults are unconcluded. The aim of this article was to review the existing evidence and integrated the effect of IRT on cognitive functions and mechanisms in older adults, and provided the suggested direction to future studies based on existing results. Standard databases (i.e., PubMed and Google Scholar) were searched from inception to May 2021. A total of seven studies both regarding IRT, cognitive functions and older adults were included. Our results demonstrated that IRT may provide potential cognitive benefit in older adults. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously because of limitation from methodology and statistical analysis. We suggest future studies should extend these results to other populations, and to better understand the effects of IRT on cognitive functions in older adults, further investigations in the effects of IRT on specific cognitive functions, structure or function of the brain, neurochemical and dose-response relationship are needed.