本研究主要目的在瞭解母親與幼兒分離焦慮及幼兒在園所適應的情形與關聯，並進一步探究母親與幼兒分離焦慮對幼兒在園所適應的解釋情形。研究以臺北市及新北市公私立幼兒園三至五歲幼兒及其母親與老師為研究對象，使用幼兒手偶訪談及問卷調查法，採用「幼兒分離焦慮量表」、「母親分離焦慮量表」以及「幼兒園適應量表」等測量工具，得到有效配對訪談及問卷共計有231份。研究主要發現如下：一、母親分離焦慮分為「母親對分離的知覺」、「母親知覺分離對孩子的影響」及「母親對工作造成的分離擔憂」等三大向度，母親的分離焦慮介於有些同意到同意之間；整體而言，幼兒分離焦慮的情形不高；幼兒園適應分為「自主能力」、「利他行為」、「正向情緒」、「社交能力」及「作息適應」等五大向度，幼兒在園所的適應情形介於大部分符合到完全符合之間。二、由平均數t檢定發現，女生在幼兒園適應的各層面及整體適應皆高於男生。三、由皮爾森積差相關分析發現，母親與幼兒的分離焦慮情形與幼兒在園所適應部分達顯著相關。四、將背景變項、母親分離焦慮、及幼兒分離焦慮一起放入迴歸分析時發現，背景變項中的幼兒性別以及幼兒分離焦慮對幼兒園適應各層面及整體適應具有顯著解釋力。

The purpose of this study was to understand the relations among maternal and young children's separation anxiety and children's adjustment in preschools. Furthermore, it also investigated the prediction of maternal and young children's separation anxiety on children's adjustment in preschools. Child Puppet Interview and questionnaires were used for 3-5 year-old children, their mothers and teachers. Young children and mothers were invited from public and private preschools in New Taipei and Taipei Cities. The tools included Children's Separation Anxiety Scale, Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale, and Preschool Adjustment Scale. There were 231 paired valid interview and questionnaires collected. The main results were as followed: 1. Maternal separation anxiety included three dimensions: maternal separation anxiety, perception of separation effects on the child, and employment-related separation concerns. The score of maternal separation anxiety was between ＂somewhat agree＂ and ＂agree＂. Totally, children showed medium degree of separation anxiety. Preschool adjustment included five dimensions: ego strength, prosocial behavior, positive affect, peer competence, and adjustment to preschool routines. The score of preschool adjustment was between ＂most correct＂ and ＂completely correct＂. 2. There were significant gender differences in preschool adjustment. Girls' scores in overall preschool adjustment were higher than boys'. 3. Correlation results showed that maternal and children's separation anxiety, and preschool adjustment were partially significantly related. 4. Regression analyses indicated that children's gender and children's separation anxiety showed significant prediction to children's preschool adjustment.