本研究旨在編擬國小三年級學生學校適應之量表，探討國小三年級學生學期初學校適應情形，與比較一般與新住民兒童之適應情況。本研究以臺南市國民小學1164位三年級學生為研究對象。研究發現如下：一、國小三年級學生學期初學校適應現況良好，適應層面以「常規適應｣最佳，「學習適應」最差。二、不同性別之學生在學校適應上有顯著差異，女生適應能力顯著優於男生。三、不同出生序之學生在學校適應上有顯著差異，獨生子女的學校適應能力最差，中間子女的學校適應能力最好。四、新住民子女與本國籍配偶子女在學校適應上有顯著差異；新住民子女於整體學校適應及「常規適應」、「學習適應」及「同儕關係適應」上，適應能力均顯著低於本國籍配偶之子女。

The purposes of the present study were to develop a school adjustment measure for 3rd Graders, to explore their school adjustment issues and compare adjustment between students of regular and immingrant-mothers. The sample consisted of 1164 3rd grade pupils who came from 50 classes in Tainan City. Proportional stratified clusters sampling technique was employed. The results of the study were found: (1) Third grade students had a lowest average in learning adjustment and a highest average in classroom routines and rule adjustment. (2) Gender difference was found in total adjustment and all subscales. Girls had better school adjustment abilities than boys. (3) Birth order was also found to be a significant variable. Only child had significantly lower score than children with siblings in all subscales. (4) Immigrant variable was found to be significant. Children of immigrant mothers had significantly lower score than general students in classroom routines and rule adjustment, learning adjustment, peer relationship adjustment, and total adjustment.