本文從蔡元培在清末時期翻譯井上圓了（1858-1919）的文本切入，以個案展示西方反啟蒙思潮傳入東亞、在地流變的具體情形，並折射蔡元培在跨文化思想翻譯的過程中如何主動作出選擇及反思。蔡元培在1900至1906年間編譯了井上圓了〈佛教護國論〉、《妖怪學講義》等作品，首次接觸啟蒙辯證的話題。本文通過考察井上學說中佛教護國論、情感／智力的宗教、妖怪學與理性辯證、美的體認等不同面向，探討它們對蔡元培的直接與潛在啟發，繼而比較妖怪學與「以美育代宗教」說之差異，並闡明蔡元培思想轉變背後的理路。本文旨在揭示井上圓了的宗教啟蒙與蔡元培的情感啟蒙關係密切，個案代表著中日兩地的反啟蒙思想連結，有助我們為清末民初的跨文化思想流變「再脈絡化」。

This paper draws attention to Cai Yuanpei’s translations of Inoue Enryō’s (1858-1919) works, showing how Western Counter- Enlightenment thoughts are propagated and locally transfigured in East- Asia. Moreover, this study reflects how Cai acts initiatively by examining his selection and reflection processes in his transcultral translation endeavors. From 1900 to 1906, Cai derived the dialectic of Enlightenment from editing and translating Inoue’s works, e.g., “Protection of Country through Buddhism,” and Lectures on Mystery Studies. By analyzing several aspects of Inoue’s works, including the ideas of Protection of Country through Buddhism, affect/intellect religion, Mystery Studies and dialetics on rationality, and aesthetics appreciation, the paper discusses how such concepts directly and/or potentially inspire Cai. In addition, a comparison of Inoue’s Mystery Studies and Cai’s idea of “Replacing Religion with an Aesthetics Education” further reveals the mechanisms behind Cai’s philosophical development. The aim of this paper is to argue that Inoue’s notion of Enlightenment in religion and Cai’s Enlightenment Sentimentality are closely related. As such, their relatedness represents a connection of Counter-Enlightenment between China and Japan, from which both figures contribute to the re-contextualization of transcultural exchange of thoughts in the late Qing and early Republican China.