現當代新儒家的道統觀雖有共通之處，但也呈現出較大的差異和分歧，主要表現為哲學和歷史學的不同，出現了「史學家的道統觀」和「哲學家的道統觀」之分。以對朱子道統觀的研究為例，歷史學家主要從朱子學術思想的總體、思維世界和歷史世界等入手，探求其道統觀産生的歷史真實、與政治文化的互動及其影響；哲學領域則著力分疏朱子道統與心性之學之間的關聯，著力從精神性、宗教性等角度挖掘價值和意義。這些分歧受百餘年來中國社會和學術思潮的影響，呈現出的學術成果雖然差異較大，但都取得了世界性的影響，推動了儒學研究的現代化和世界化，值得進一步深入研究。

Although modern and contemporary Confucians have something in common, they show great differences, which was mainly reflected in the difference between the intellectual’s view of the Dao and the philosopher’s view of the Dao. Taking the study of Zhu Xi’s doctrine as an example, historians mainly explore the historical reality, interaction and influence of Zhu Xi’s doctrine with political culture from the perspective of Zhu Xi’s overall academic thought, intellectual world and historical world. In the field of philosophy, the author tries to analyze the relationship between Zhu Xi’s philosophy and Taoism and tries to construct the value system of Neo-Confucianism from the angle of spirit and religion. Chinese society and academic trends of thought have influenced these differences over the past hundred years. Although the academic achievements are quite different, they have all achieved worldwide influence and promoted the modernization and globalization of Confucianism, which is worthy of further study.