At present, carbon fiber with excellent performance has been vigorously promoted in the field of sports equipment, in which the production of table tennis rackets is an important aspect. In this study, based on the numerical simulation, a bond-slip constitutive model was established in the computer for the bond performance between carbon fiber cloth and wood, and the output results were analyzed by the finite element model. For the collision response performance of carbon fiber cloth, an explicit algorithm was introduced. This study used the finite element software for numerical analysis and verified the simulation model with table tennis rackets of the same specification. The collision contact force and collision contact time of table tennis rackets made of different materials were simulated. The results showed that the error between the simulation model and the actual table tennis racket was about 1%, verifying the effectiveness of the simulation model; in terms of collision response, the collision contact force and contact time of the carbon fiber racket were smaller than those of wooden rackets.