面對變種新冠病毒之持續大流行，提升疫苗覆蓋率以增強群體免疫能降低人民染疫風險與重症死亡率，從而維持社會正常運作。為解決接種率不足問題與面對「集體免疫益處」與「個人身體自主」的倫理兩難，制定疫苗接種獎懲政策或許是可行方法。本研究釐清過去反疫苗與疫苗猶豫觀點，討論強制接種疫苗的倫理與法律問題，最後分析台灣近況並提出建議。

In the era of COVID-19, increasing immunization coverage can lower the risk of COVID-19 infection and its related morbidity and mortality which is important for maintaining normal functioning of the society. To resolve the problems of insufficient citizen immunization rate and the ethical tension between “herd immunity” and “individual bodily autonomy”, establishing certain reward or punishment policies for vaccination may be useful. This paper introduces the history and perspectives of anti-vaccination and vaccine hesitancy, explores the ethical and legal issues of rewarding or mandatory vaccination, analyzes the current situation in Taiwan, and proposes our suggestion.